For brand as person (consumer attributes), we noted references to leadership, style and professionalism, and for brand as symbol (visual imagery and metaphor), we noted not only the tendency for English language brand names to be reinforced by accompanying images of iconic imagery (e.g., a landmark such as the Statue of Liberty or the Houses of Parliament, a cowboy, or an American military type crest), but also references to places that made ties to the physical product of tobacco (e.g., Virginia) as well as the lifestyle being conveyed (e.g., Hollywood, London)
"A Star, a Soap and the Meaning of Art"
At the time, tobacco smoking was already well established across Europe, primarily through pipes and cigars
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