With regard to the cancer sites, the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.17 (95% CI: 1.131.21) for former smokers, 1.22 (95% CI: 1.171.26) for new current smokers, 1.68 (95% CI: 1.631.73) for the decreasing light smokers, 2.22 (95% CI: 2.152.29) for the steady moderate smokers, and 2.64 (95% CI: 2.502.79) for the steady heavy smokers
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A 2011 review of studies on the effects of privatization of tobacco monopolies in the 1990s and early 2000s found that such changes in ownership pose a major threat to public health. That paper, co-authored by Gilmore, of the University of Bath, found that privatization led to increases in smoking rates
