insulin with glp 1 Schematic of action of GLP-1 on secretion Glucagon-like Peptide 1, Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic

Glossary 5-HT serotonin AMPs antimicrobial peptides BAs bile acids BMD bone mineral density BMSCs bone marrow stromal cells -OX -oxidation CREB cAMP response element-binding CTX-1 C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen DCA deoxycholic acid DC dendritic cell EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor ERK extracellular signal-regulated kinase FMT fecal microbiota transplantation FOS fructooligosaccharides FXR farnesoid X receptor Gclc glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit GIO glucocorticoid-induced OP GM gut microbiota GNS Gold nanospheres GPCRs G protein coupled receptors GOS galactooligosaccharides GSH glutathione HDAC histone deacetylase IGF-1 insulin-like growth factor-1 IL-6 interleukin-6 LCA lithocholic acid LPS Lipopolysaccharides MAMPs microbial-associated molecular patterns NF-B nuclear factor kappa-B NLRs nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors OP Osteoporosis OXPHOS oxidative phosphorylation OVX ovariectomy P1NP N-terminal propeptide PELNs Pueraria lobata PNEs propolis nanoemulsions PPAR- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PRRs pattern recognition receptors PTH parathyroid hormone RANKL Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-B Ligand RCT randomized controlled trial sBAs secondary bile acids SCFAs short chain fatty acids T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus TCA tricarboxylic acid TGF transforming growth factor TLR4 Toll-like receptor 4 TLRs Toll-like receptors TMAO Trimethylamine N-oxide TNF- tumor necrosis factor- UDCA ursodeoxycholic acid References 1 CoughlanTDockeryF

Therapeutic Research Protocol Dose: 6 9 mg Duration: 12 24 weeks Frequency: Once weekly Cycle Interval: 4 6 weeks off before repeating Goal / Description: Higher-dose protocol targeting glycemic control and body composition endpoints

Zhang YN, Wu Q, Zhang NN, Chen HS

The Risks of Shortening the Dosing Window Self-adjusting your medication schedule carries significant medical risks

Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) polymorphism associated with symptomatic malaria: a cohort study