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Impact of Smoking on Female Hormones Smoking can have detrimental effects on female hormones, particularly in relation to reproductive health

E-cigarettes, or vapes, contain a liquid that is heated and vaporized for inhalation

4 We are currently conducting a randomized controlled trial of this counseling + ecig approach compared to the current gold standard treatment for smoking in WA State (i.e., brief advice to quit + quitlilne referral)

Furthermore, attempts to synthesize recent literature often do not appropriately account for between-study variation and few, if any, examine the potential of publication bias affecting their results 8,12,13

Establishing healthy coping mechanisms, like stress management, contributes to a comprehensive strategy